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Exploratory Practice(personal project)

Main idea

My theme is how the imagination conjured while reading books becomes reality. Nowadays, with the times changing, more and more people are reluctant to read books, preferring instead to scroll through their phones. Yet reading is actually a method that can stimulate one’s imagination.

Pre-production

This project was produced using live-action filming techniques, so I selected several locations conducive to relaxed reading as my shooting settings. These included parks, lakesides, and apartment lounge areas.

Model

Regarding assets, I utilised two pre-bound models sourced online. I then built upon these to create the animations required for my project.

VFX

In each shot, I rendered the imaginings that occur when people read books through visual effects imagery.

For the first imagined shot, I created an effect of magical plant growth. The primary approach to its creation: I first used SOP to define the vine’s morphology and employed curves to establish its movement trajectory. Subsequently, noise was added to the vine to enhance its detail. The vine was then volumetrised and assigned a plant material. Finally, based on the vine’s motion, I created ground fractures, scattered debris, and the dust clouds generated by the shattering.

The second imagined shot involved creating an effect where a robot surfaces and crashes into the water. The primary approach was as follows: I first animated the robot in Maya, then imported it into Houdini to generate the water effects based on the animation. I created a FLIP Tank, added a Static Object for the robot, and enabled Volume Collision. Crucially, I ensured the collision object’s scale and substep settings were appropriate, otherwise the water would have penetrated. When the robot struck the surface, I generated a large number of FLIP particles at the point of impact to simulate splashing. Furthermore, the instant the arm entered the water, it would disturb the surrounding liquid, creating ripples.

The third imagined shot involved creating the effect of a meteor shower descending upon a city. The primary approach was as follows: I first crafted several meteorites of varying sizes and shapes using spheres. These were initially positioned high in the sky, with gravity applied. Different initial velocities were assigned to each meteorite to simulate multi-directional descent. Finally, particles were emitted from the meteors’ tails, driving the Pyro Solver to generate flames and smoke.

Final work

Reflection

In this personal project, I failed to manage the overall length of the narrative effectively and underestimated the workload, resulting in the initially conceived story set in the laundry room not being completed within the limited timeframe. To meet the deadline, I had to create a new, shorter story. While this ensured completion, it fell significantly short of the original concept in terms of narrative depth and impact, lacking sufficient tension and emotional resonance. Additionally, the special effects were not sufficiently refined, resulting in several shortcomings in the final visuals.

This project highlighted that the importance of preliminary planning in animation production far exceeded my expectations. A reasonable story length and accurate workload estimation directly impact subsequent production schedules and quality.

For future similar projects, I must prioritise improvements in the following areas: Time Management and Project Planning: Establish storyboards, production workflows, and workload assessments early on, incorporating buffer time to avoid reactive modifications later. Narrative Cohesion: Even under time constraints, ensure the story possesses a clear beginning, development, and conclusion to enhance the animation’s appeal and expressiveness. Technical and Detail Refinement: Strengthen practice in special effects and post-production to elevate the overall visual quality and polish of the work.

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Cooperation project

Label Storm

In this project, I was primarily responsible for creating the storyboards and handling some of the visual effects for the shots.

Firstly, regarding the storyboard, I begin by breaking the entire narrative down into individual shots, then proceed to draw the storyboard based on these shots.

Shot 1: On a somewhat oppressive afternoon, thick clouds fill the sky, blocking direct sunlight. The whole atmosphere feels stormy, as if dark clouds are pressing down to crush the city. Everything appears in cold, muted tones, with only a faint breeze in the air. In this heavy mood, the protagonist walks alone down an empty, ordinary street.

Shot 2: The protagonist’s appearance doesn’t matter—what matters is the deep exhaustion and oppression they carry. On the upper back, near the spine and slightly toward the right shoulder, there’s a tag stuck to their body reading lazy (semi-transparent, 3D acrylic letters). It feels as though this tag is the source of their fatigue.
(Subtitle/Voiceover: “Some words stick before you know they exist.”)

Shot 3: As the protagonist drags their heavy steps forward, they suddenly stop, as if sensing something, and lower their gaze to the bottom left side.

Shot 4: The ground along their path begins to change—word labels start seeping up, as though they were always part of the pavement.

Shot 5: Among them, one tag reading noisy gradually emerges, slowly floating upward.

Shot 6: The protagonist watches as this tag drifts weightlessly, finally settling just below the lazy tag, indifferent and unmoving.

Shot 7: With a numb expression, the protagonist simply turns their head upward toward the sky again.

Shot 8: At some point, countless words have begun flying down from the sky toward the protagonist.

Shot 10: Soon, the words grow dense, forming an impenetrable “wall” right in front of them.

Shot 11: The words then start spinning, rotating from the protagonist’s right side toward the left.

Shot 12: From a distant city view, beneath the oppressive clouds, a massive spherical tornado of words takes shape.
(Subtitle/Voiceover: “Their voices became a storm—twisting me into someone I don’t know.”)

Shot 13: Inside the tornado, the protagonist does not appear panicked. From outside, looking through gaps in the swirling words, we see them standing firm—one arm raised to shield their face, body leaning forward, legs braced, struggling against the storm. Their clothes and hair whip violently in the wind. Suddenly, a voice calls from outside the tornado:
(Subtitle/Voiceover: “You are not their words. You are your own form.”)

Shot 14: As soon as the voice fades, a hand reaches into the tornado, grabs the protagonist’s wrist (the one shielding their face), and pulls them out with force.

Shot 15: During this moment, the cowardice tag on their chest begins to change—shifting from a 3D acrylic label into a pink sheet of paper with handwritten words on it.

Shots 16–17: The moment the protagonist is pulled free, the tornado halts abruptly and collapses. The words degrade, transforming into rose petals. As the storm loses its strength, it can no longer hold its shape. The petals scatter in all directions, carried by the fading winds.

Shot 18: The protagonist stands still as sunlight begins to shine—first illuminating only them, then spreading outward in a circle.

Shot 19: The storm has dissolved, the light grows warm. The protagonist looks at the friend who pulled them out—still shaken. Crooked 3D word labels remain stuck to their body, fragments that didn’t turn into petals.

Shot 20: Regaining composure, the protagonist looks forward. In addition to the friend, three to five others appear—the friend’s companions.

Shots 21–22: The friend rests a hand on the protagonist’s shoulder, gently leading them onward. As they walk, the others gather around, helping peel off the remaining tags and straighten the protagonist’s clothes. As the camera rises, the sky fills with the final caption:
(Subtitle/Voiceover: “To be undefined is a right. We are each our own design.”)

Then there are the special effects concerning the shots.

I am primarily responsible for creating the special effects for five shots.

The first shot depicts sticky notes falling from the sky.

Production Approach: I approached this with the concept of creating a rainfall effect. A Grid was employed as the particle emission source, with particle trajectories subsequently controlled. A V-OPS node was then used to apply noise to the polygon faces, simulating the sensation of paper fluttering in the wind. Random noise was applied to each individual face, ensuring each one appeared distinct. Finally, each polygon face was duplicated onto the particles.

The second shot depicts the falling sticky notes forming a wall of paper.

Production approach: I first constructed a wall and scattered dots across it, then duplicated sticky notes onto each dot, randomising the size of each note. Subsequently, I employed a pop effect to simulate the notes being blown apart and converging. By reversing the animation and utilising the id attribute, I controlled the notes to converge from left to right.

The third involves forming a spherical storm from the drifting sticky notes, enveloping the protagonist within it.

Production approach: I began by extracting a horizontal line from a sphere and irregularising it to form the initial storm’s trajectory. Particles were then set to follow this path, with sticky notes replicated onto each particle to ultimately create a spiralling storm of notes.

The fourth shot depicts the storm’s distortion and destruction as the protagonist is pulled out of the paper storm, alongside the shattering and subsequent reformation of the sticky notes into petals. This shot incorporates two special effects.

Production approach: I first rendered the sticky note as shattering and then dissipating, before having the petals gradually form from particles. The core concept here was to transition the sticky note from a tangible object to an intangible one, whilst the petals evolved from intangible to tangible. This achieved the effect of the sticky note shattering to form petals.

The fifth shot shows petals drifting down from the sky.

Production approach: This shot’s creation mirrors that of the first, primarily involving modifications to the particle drift trajectories to better simulate the sensation of petals falling.

Reflection

During this team project, I acquired considerable expertise in practical filming techniques. As my prior studies and production experience had primarily focused on CG, my knowledge of live-action production was relatively limited, making this experience a novel challenge and valuable learning opportunity for me. Within the project, I was primarily responsible for storyboard illustration and special effects shot processing, which significantly enhanced my command of cinematographic language and my ability to integrate special effects with live-action footage.

Through practical application, I recognised that visual effects extend beyond isolated post-production work; they demand seamless integration with live-action footage. For instance, when crafting effects, I had to consider multiple factors: whether live-action scenes required adjustments to accommodate the effects, whether lighting and environments harmonised, and whether the visual style aligned with the overall aesthetic requirements. This process reinforced my understanding that the final visual outcome necessitates effective collaboration between pre-production and post-production.

Naturally, shortcomings emerged throughout the process. Some visual effects shots lacked sufficient refinement, leaving room for improvement in their final presentation.

Moving forward on similar projects, I shall prioritise more thorough pre-production planning, ensuring storyboards and visual effects proposals align seamlessly with the live-action team. Concurrently, I must deepen my understanding of live-action fundamentals—such as lighting control, camera movement, and scene coordination—to foster more comprehensive consideration during visual effects design. Furthermore, I aim to continuously enhance my technical proficiency in VFX production and explore new tools and methodologies. This will enable a more natural and convincing integration between visual effects and live-action footage.

Personal breakdown

Final work

Group breakdown

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Critical Research Report

Critical Research Report

Choosing a Critical Report Topic

When we think of cartoons, we tend to associate them with childhood favourites – colourful characters, heartfelt stories and catchy songs. But animation is much more than children’s entertainment. In fact, it is a powerful medium for storytelling, memory and even political critique. My research project explores two very different forms of animation: animated documentary and commercial animation, unpacking their differences in purpose, narrative structure, aesthetics and moral responsibility.

Why study the difference between animated documentaries and commercial animation?

In a world flooded with media, visual narratives shape the way we understand reality. Therefore, we must consider: what is animation actually doing? Is it only meant to entertain, or is it also capable of informing, critiquing and challenging? Animated documentaries represent a growing genre that uses the creative freedom of animation to convey deeply personal, emotional or politically charged stories. These films do not rely on traditional cameras to capture ‘objective’ reality. Instead, they visualise memories, traumas and psychological states in a way that live-action films cannot. In contrast, commercial animation, led by studios such as Disney and Pixar, is driven by mass-market appeal. These films are well-made, emotionally resonant, and globally successful. But their reliance on familiar narratives and aesthetics can also simplify complex issues or reinforce dominant ideologies.

Research Goals

The main objectives of this research were to:

Compare the core purposes of animated documentaries and commercial animation.

Examine how each form constructs or avoids authenticity and truth claims.

Analyze their storytelling methods, ethical responsibilities, and cultural influence.

research process

The concept of ‘constructed realism’ – how animated documentaries portray emotional and psychological truths – is introduced through Annabelle Honess Roe’s book: Animated Documentary. And through Paul Wells’ books Understanding animation and Animation and America and Maureen Furniss’ Art in Motion: Animation Aesthetics, which provide a framework for analysing narrative and aesthetic techniques in artistic and commercial contexts. aesthetic techniques in artistic and commercial contexts.

Then analysed through some case studies:

Animated Documentaries:

Waltz with Bashir (2008) – a soldier’s fragmented memories of war.

Persepolis (2007) – a personal-political coming-of-age story.

Commercial Animation:

Zootopia (2016) – a metaphor for racial prejudice.

Frozen (2013) – a tale of emotional resilience and sisterhood.

Key Findings

1. Purpose and Narrative Function

Animated documentaries prioritize authenticity, complexity, and personal voice. They visualize memory, trauma, and emotional truths—things often impossible to represent through live-action footage. In contrast, commercial animation focuses on broad appeal and emotional immediacy. It uses universal storylines and archetypes to create accessible, feel-good narratives—sometimes at the cost of nuance or critique.

2. Authenticity and Truth Claims

Animated documentaries do not pretend to be objective, but rather truthful in a subjective or emotional sense. Their power lies in visual metaphor, not literal accuracy. However, this creative license also introduces ethical risk: When visualizing trauma or political events, animation can blur the line between truth and stylization, requiring filmmakers to tread carefully. Commercial animations, while often engaging with social themes, tend to present sanitized metaphors (e.g., racism as speciesism in Zootopia) that can oversimplify or even obscure real-world struggles.

3. Ethical Responsibility

Filmmakers in the animated documentary space must grapple with how to represent real people, suffering, and history using an artistic medium. These choices carry moral weight—especially when speaking on behalf of marginalized communities or survivors. Commercial animation, however, rarely assumes this ethical responsibility. Instead, its narratives are optimized for broad cultural compatibility and emotional impact, leaving little room for political ambiguity or discomfort.

What this research does

This project shows that animation is not a neutral or pure art form – it is a battleground for meaning, truth and ideology. Understanding how different types of animation construct narratives and ethics helps us to:

Become more critical viewers.

Recognise the power of visual narratives in shaping public perception.

Encourage creators to be more reflective and responsible in their work.

Animated documentaries show us that animation can challenge, inspire and change. Commercial animation reminds us of the importance of easy accessibility and emotional engagement. The key is to balance artistic integrity with ethical awareness.

Final Thought

Animation doesn’t need to mimic live-action film to be real. Sometimes, the most truthful stories are those told through abstraction, metaphor, and memory. Animated documentaries show us that truth can be felt, not just seen. Commercial animation reminds us of the emotional universality of storytelling but also warns us of its limitations. Both have something to teach us. The key is learning how to watch and think critically.

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Exploratory Practice

Story:

At eleven o’clock late at night, a man pushed open the glass door of the “24-Hour Self-Service Laundry.” The shop was empty, with rows of washing machines standing silently under the stark fluorescent lights. Dragging a suitcase stuffed with dirty clothes, he randomly chose a washing machine. Exhausted, he mechanically went through the motions—inserting coins, pouring in detergent, selecting the cycle—and the machine began filling with water, emitting a low rumble. The man pulled a copy of The Old Man and the Sea from his bag.

As he read, growing increasingly absorbed, the rumble of the washing machines around him gradually transformed into the sound of crashing waves. He looked up and realized the floor of the laundromat was now covered in a layer of water, the level rising rapidly.

All the washing machines were spewing water violently, the torrents merging into waves that slammed against the walls. The water had already risen past his ankles and was still climbing.

The man tried to flee, only to find the door mysteriously locked. The water surged to his waist in seconds. Panicking, he grabbed a washing machine, but it began to melt and morph into a dilapidated wooden boat.

“Get up here!” a hoarse voice shouted. The man looked up to see a wrinkled old fisherman standing at the bow, reaching out a hand. Without hesitation, he seized the old man’s hand and scrambled aboard.

By now, the entire laundromat had transformed into a raging sea. The fluorescent lights became a gloomy sky, the walls dissolving into a distant horizon. The battered boat pitched and rolled in the monstrous waves.

And in the water, a massive shark was speeding toward the boat!

Just then, the man felt his phone vibrate in his pocket. Fighting the chaos, he pulled it out and saw a laundry alert: “Your wash cycle is complete.”

In an instant, the vision vanished. The man found himself still sitting on the laundromat bench, The Old Man and the Sea in his hands, his clothes freshly washed. He let out a long sigh of relief, wiping cold sweat from his brow.

Chuckling at himself, he stood to collect his laundry. Suddenly, he noticed a water stain on the washing machine’s glass door—shaped eerily like a shark’s tooth. Even stranger, his pant legs were soaked, and his mouth tasted of briny seawater…

(The camera lingers on the shark-tooth-shaped water stain on the washing machine’s glass door. Fade to black.)

Camera assignment:

Shot 1: At 11 PM, a man pushes open the glass door of a “24-hour self-service laundromat”.

Shot 2: The shop is empty, rows of washing machines standing silently under pale fluorescent lights. Dragging a suitcase full of dirty clothes, he randomly selects a machine, mechanically inserting coins, pouring detergent, and selecting a cycle.

Shot 3: The machine begins filling with water, humming faintly. The man pulls out a worn copy of The Old Man and the Sea from his bag.

Shot 4: As he becomes engrossed in the book, the rumble of washing machines gradually transforms into the sound of ocean waves.

Shot 5: He looks up to find the laundromat floor now covered in ankle-deep water, the level rapidly rising.

Shot 6: All machines violently gush water, torrents converging into waves crashing against walls. The water now reaches his waist.

Shot 7: Panicking, he tries to flee but finds the door mysteriously locked.

Shot 8: As water surges to chest-level, he clutches a washing machine that begins melting into a weathered fishing boat.

Shot 9: “Get aboard!” rasps an aged voice. A wrinkled old fisherman extends his hand from the boat. The man scrambles in.

Shot 10: The laundromat has become a stormy sea. Fluorescent lights morph into gloomy skies, walls dissolving into distant horizons. The tiny boat bucks monstrous waves.

Shot 11: A colossal shark breaches nearby, circling toward the vessel.

Shot 12: The beast rams the boat, throwing the man into churning waters.

Shot 13: His phone vibrates urgently in his pocket.

Shot 14: Struggling, he retrieves it to read a notification: “Your laundry is complete.”

Shot 15: The nightmare vanishes instantly.

Shot 16: He sits frozen on the laundromat bench, book still open. Clean clothes spin silently.

Shot 17: Wiping cold sweat, he exhales shakily.

Shot 18: Chuckling nervously, he rises to collect his laundry.

Shot 19: His breath catches – a shark-tooth-shaped water streak stains the machine’s glass door. His pants are soaked. His lips taste of salt.

Shot 20: (Freeze frame on the ominous water mark)

Simulation:

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